El Marketing Relacional y la Calidad de Servicio que brinda el gimnasio Yaco’s Gym, Chimbote – 2017

La presente investigación busca determinar la relación entre el marketing relacional y la calidad de servicio que brinda el gimnasio Yaco’s Gym, Chimbote – 2017. El método aplicado fue descriptivo correlacional, tomando como población a los clientes que frecuentan el gimnasio, con un total de 115 habitantes por día. El total de muestra está constituida por 81 clientes. Los datos se recolectaron a través de un cuestionario, para este estudio se emplearon dos encuestas, para la variable marketing relacional se formularon 15 preguntas y para la variable calidad de servicio se formularon 17 preguntas, según la escala de Likert, donde fueron divididos con sus respectivos indicadores por cada variable. Estas encuestas fueron calculadas a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Una vez recolectados los datos, dicha información fue tabulada en Excel y registrada en una matriz de datos e ingresada al programa estadístico SPSS V. 24 para su respectivo procesamiento de análisis e interpretación. Según los resultados obtenidos, el 51.85 % de los encuestados manifiestan que, el nivel de marketing relacional es regular, el 23.46% es malo, el 6.17% es pésimo, el 18.52% es bueno y un 0% es excelente, donde demuestra que existe una preocupación porque no hay un excelente marketing relacional. Por otro lado, el 59.26 % de los encuestados manifiestan que, el nivel de calidad de servicio es aceptable, el 28.40% es malo, el 12.35% es bueno, y un 0.00% se considera como pésimo y excelente, lo cual muestra que la calidad de servicio tiene un lado positivo y negativo en la empresa. Aplicando la prueba de Rho de Spearman, se obtuvo un valor de significancia igual a 0.029 y un coeficiente correlacional de Spearman igual a 0.5313, siendo ρ ≤ 0.05, se rechazó la Ho y se aceptó la H1. De esta manera, se concluyó que existe una relación significativa y positiva entre el marketing relacional y la calidad de servicio. Por lo tanto, si se toman decisiones con respecto a la calidad de servicio, va influir en el marketing relacional

Dereplication of Bioactive Spirostane Saponins from Agave macroacantha

A dereplication strategy using UPLC-QTOF/MSE, the HMAI method, and NMR spectroscopy led to the identification of five main steroidal saponins (1-5), including three previously unknown compounds named macroacanthosides A-C (3-5), in a bioactive fraction of Agave macroacantha. The major saponins were isolated, and some of them together with the saponin-rich fraction were then evaluated for phytotoxicity on a standard target species, Lactuca sativa. The inhibition values exhibited by the pure compounds were confirmed to be in agreement with the phytotoxicity of the saponin-rich fraction, which suggests that the saponin fraction could be applied successfully as an agrochemical without undergoing any further costly and/or time-consuming purification processes. The NMR data of the pure compounds as well as of those corresponding to the same compounds in the fraction were comparable, which indicated that the main saponins could be identified by means of this replication workflow and that no standards are required

Unusual C,O-Fused Glycosylapigenins from Serjania marginata Leaves

A phytochemical study of a Serjania marginata leaf extract with antiulcer activity afforded 15 compounds, including the new 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)-α-Lrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-Larabinopyranosyloleanolic acid (1) and 7,5″-anhydroapigenin 8-C-α-(2,6-dideoxy-5-hydroxy-ribo-hexopyranosyl)-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. Compound 4 is a C-hexopyranosylapigenin with an unusual cyclic ether linkage between C-5″ and C-7 of apigenin. The isolated proanthocyanidins have high antioxidant activities, and these compounds are probably responsible for the gastroprotective effect of the extract

Agave Steroidal Saponins as Potential Bioherbicides

Agave saponins are a valuable resource for the prospective development of new forms of agrochemicals. The extraction method was optimized and applied to 17 Agave species. Thirteen saponin fractions (SFs) were assayed on wheat etiolated coleoptiles, and analysed using UPLC-QTOFMSE, NMR spectroscopy and the HMBC method for aglycone identification (HMAI). Six SFs were assayed on standard target species (STS) and weeds. The new extraction method reduces costs to obtain SFs with the same activity. The tested SFs assayed on etiolated wheat coleoptiles that belong to the subgenus Agave were among those with the highest activity levels. The combination of HMAI together with UPLC-MS allowed the identification of 20 aglycones in the SFs, and no isolation or hydrolysis of the saponins was required. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that for the active SFs the structural key would be the length of their sugar chain. The presence of a carbonyl group at C-12 implied an enhancement in phytotoxic activity. Six SFs were assayed on seeds, and no activity on Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) was observed; however, good activity profiles were obtained on weed E. crus-galli (IC50 < 80 ppm), better than the commercial herbicide Logran®. These findings represent a possible lead for the development of natural herbicides through the use of saponins of subgenus Agave species

Structure, Bioactivity and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Yucca Saponins

Yucca is one of the main sources of steroidal saponins, hence different extracts are commercialized for use as surfactant additives by beverage, animal feed, cosmetics or agricultural products. For a deeper understanding of the potential of the saponins that can be found in this genus, an exhaustive review of the structural characteristics, bioactivities and analytical methods that can be used with these compounds has been carried out, since there are no recent reviews on the matter. Thus, a total of 108 saponins from eight species of the genus Yucca have been described. Out of these, the bioactivity of 68 saponins derived from the isolation of Yucca or other genera has been evaluated. Regarding the evaluation and quality control of the saponins from this genus LC-MS technique is the most often used. Nevertheless, the development of methods for their routine analysis in commercial preparations are needed. Moreover, most of the studies found in the literature have been carried out on Y. schidigera extract, since is the most often used for commercial purposes. Only eight of the 50 species that belong to this genus have been studied, which clearly indicates that the identification of saponins present in Yucca genus is still an unresolved question.This work was financially supported by the 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad' (Project AGL2017-88083-R), Spain

Isolation and Structural Determination of Triterpenoid Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum L.)

Five azukisapogenol glycosides (1−5) have been isolated from the aerial parts of alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.), and their structures were elucidated by combined spectroscopic, spectrometric (1D and 2D NMR; HRESIMS, ESI−MS/MS), and chemical methods. Three of them are new compounds and were identified as 3-O-[-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-Dglucuronopyranosyl azukisapogenol (1), 3-O-[-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-29-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl azukisapogenol (2), and 3-O-[-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-29-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl azukisapogenol (3). The remaining two (4, 5) are known compounds but have not been previously described as saponins constituents of the genus Trifolium. Also, azukisapogenol is reported here as a triterpenoid aglycone for the first time in this genus. Finally, the main chemotaxonomic features that may be recognized as specific of Trifolium species were discussed

Steroidal Saponins from Furcraea hexapetala Leaves and Their Phytotoxic Activity

Four new steroidal saponins (1−4) along with 13 known saponins were isolated from the leaves of Furcraea hexapetala. The new compounds were identified as (20R,22R,25R)-3β-hydroxy-5α-spirostan-12-one 3-O-{α-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside} (1), (25R)-3β-hydroxy-5α-spirost-20(21)-en-12-one 3-O-{α-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside} (2), (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside} (3), and (25R)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside} (4) by spectroscopic analysis, including one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. The phytotoxicity of the isolated compounds against the standard target species Lactuca sativa was evaluated. Structure−activity relationships for these compounds with respect to phytotoxic effects are discussed

Bioactive steroidal saponins from Agave offoyana flowers

Bioguided studies of flowers of Agave offoyana allowed the isolation of five steroidal saponins never described previously, Magueyosides A–E (1–5), along with six known steroidal saponins (6–11). The structures of compounds were determined as (25R)-spirost-5-en-2a,3b-diol-12-one 3-O-{b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)]-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1-4)-O-b-D-galactopyranoside} (1), (25R)-spirost-5-en-2a,3b-diol-12-one 3-O-{b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)]-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-b-D galactopyranoside} (2), (25R)-spirost-5-en-2a,3b,12b-triol 3-O-{b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)]- O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-b-D-galactopyranoside} (3), (25R)-5a-spirostan-2a,3b-diol-12-one 3-O-{b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)]-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-b-D-galactopyranoside} (4), and (25R)-5a-spirostan-2a,3b-diol-9(11)-en-12-one 3-O-{b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)]-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1-4)-O-b-D-galactopyranoside} (5), by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, mass spectrometry and chemical methods. The bioactivities of the isolated compounds on the standard target species Lactuca sativa were evaluated. A dosedependent phytotoxicity and low dose stimulation were observed

Phytotoxic steroidal saponins from Agave offoyana leaves

A bioassay-guided fractionation of Agave offoyana leaves led to the isolation of five steroidal saponins (1–5) along with six known saponins (6–11). The compounds were identified as (25R)-spirost-5-en-2α,3β-diol-12-one 3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside} (1), (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol-12-one 3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glu copyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside} (2), (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol-12-one 3-O-{β-D-xylopyrano syl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β -D-galactopyranoside} (3), (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosylfurost-5-en-3β,22α,26-triol-12-one 3-O- {α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyrano syl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside} (4) and (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosylfurost-5-en-3β,22α,26-triol- 12-one 3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β- D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside} (5) by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, mass spectrometry and chemical methods. The phytotoxicity of the isolated compounds on the standard target species Lactuca sativa was evaluated